SEPANJANG tahun 2022, sektor industri manufaktur di tanah air konsisten berada dalam level ekspansif, yang tercermin pada capaian Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI) Manufaktur Indonesia dengan posisi di atas poin 50. Pada Desember 2022, PMI Manufaktur Indonesia ditutup pada tingkat 50,9 atau berhasil naik dibandingkan perolehan bulan sebelumnya yang menyentuh di angka 50,3.
Berdasarkan hasil survei yang dirilis S&P Global, PMI Manufaktur Indonesia bertahan dalam fase ekspansif selama 16 bulan berturut-turut sejak September 2021. Kinerja positif ini menunjukkan geliat industri manufaktur nasional terus mengalami perbaikan dan semakin pulih setelah terkena dampak pandemi Covid-19 dan di tengah kondisi ekonomi global yang tidak menentu karena ancaman resesi.
“Alhamdulillah, capaian PMI Manufaktur Indonesia pada Desember 2022 tetap ekspansif, yang sesuai juga dengan capaian Indeks Kepercayaan Industri (IKI) pada Desember 2022 yang sudah kami rilis sebelumnya, yang sama-sama berada dalam level 50,9 dan juga naik dibandingkan bulan sebelumnya,” kata Menteri Perindustrian Agus Gumiwang Kartasasmita di Jakarta, Senin (2/1).
Hebatnya, PMI Manufaktur Indonesia pada Desember 2022 mampu melampaui PMI Manufaktur Jerman (47,4), Jepang (48,8), Australia (50,4), Myanmar (42,1), Belanda (48,6), Prancis (47,4), Korea Selatan (48,2), Inggris (44,7), Amerika Serikat (46,2), dan Zona Eropa (47,8).
Menperin optimistis, deru mesin sektor industri manufaktur di Indonesia masih bergemuruh pada tahun kelinci air. Artinya, produktivitas berjalan baik untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pasar domestik dan ekspor. “Kami meyakini, kinerja industri manufaktur kita akan semakin tumbuh di tahun 2023 ini, seiring dengan berbagai kebijakan strategis yang sedang disiapkan oleh pemerintah,” ujarnya.
Menperin menyebutkan, pihaknya tengah menyusun strategi untuk mengatasi persoalan ketenagakerjaan di sektor industri. Misalnya, industri tekstil, alas kaki, dan furnitur yang merupakan sektor padat karya.
“Kami sedang menyiapkan kebijakan stimulus tersebut, di antaranya adalah larangan terbatas impor, penyesuaian pemeriksaan post border menjadi border, dan fleksibiltas jam kerja. Itu yang kami minta untuk direlaksasi, paling tidak sampai kondisi normal,” paparnya.
Di samping itu, menurut Agus, kebijakan pemberian insentif untuk kendaraan listrik sedang dalam tahap finalisasi. “Kebijakan ini diambil untuk mendorong percepatan dalam pengembangan industri berbasis listrik di Indonesia. Tidak hanya mobil, tidak hanya sepeda motor, tetapi juga bus. Syaratnya satu, harus memiliki fasilitas. Artinya, dia harus punya pabrik di Indonesia,” ungkapnya.
Bahkan, Agus memperkirakan, realisasi penanaman modal dan kontribusi ekspor di sektor industri masih tumbuh signfikan. Optimisme ini berdampak pada penyerapan tenaga kerja di tengah kondisi menurunnya pesanan global saat ini. “Masuknya sejumlah investasi di beberapa sektor diharapkan bisa mendongkrak pertumbuhan ekonomi nasional,” tuturnya.
Realisasi investasi dari industri manufaktur diperkirakan akan mencapai Rp450 hingga 470 triliun pada tahun 2023, naik 7 persen dibandingkan tahun ini yang diproyeksi sebesar Rp439,33 triliun. “Seiring dengan itu, nilai ekspor industri pengolahan nonmigas pada 2022 diproyeksikan mencapai USD210,38 miliar, dan pada 2023 ditargetkan sebesar USD225 -245 miliar,” sebut Menperin.
Di samping itu, peningkatan investasi di sektor industri juga akan mendongkrak serapan tenaga kerja. Pada tahun 2022, total serapan tenaga kerja diperkirakan mencapai 19,11 juta orang, sedangkan pada 2023 sebanyak 19,2-20,2 juta orang.
“Oleh karena itu, pemerintah bertekad untuk memperkuat hilirisasi di sektor industri manufaktur. Sebab, selama ini telah memberikan bukti nyata terhadap multiplier effect bagi perekonomian nasional, antara lain adalah meningkatkan nilai tambah bahan baku dalam negeri, menarik investasi masuk di tanah air, menghasilkan devisa besar dari ekspor, dan menambah jumlah serapan tenaga kerja,” ujar Menperin.
Menanggapi hasil PMI Manufaktur Indonesia pada Desember 2022, Jingyi Pan selaku Economics Associate Director S&P Global Market Intelligence menyampaikan bahwa sektor manufaktur di Indonesia PMI mengarah pada kondisi yang lebih baik. Membaiknya sektor manufaktur ini lantaran ada kenaikan permintaan yang mendukung kenaikan produksi. Hal ini juga mengerek aktivitas pembelian dan juga penciptaan lapangan pekerjaan.
“Ekspansi lebih cepat pada output dan penjualan dan juga berkurangnya tekanan harga merupakan perbaikan yang diharapkan,” ujar Jingyi. Dalam laporannya, produksi manufaktur Indonesia mengalami ekspansi pada kisaran lebih cepat pada bulan Desember. Hal ini didorong oleh kenaikan permintaan atas barang-barang produksi Indonesia. Kondisi permintaan ini menyebabkan kenaikan pesanan baru pada bulan Desember.(*/Ind/Ded)
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